![]() Statesmen act towards goals (interests) in a context of these multiple balances they "speak out of an environment" (Sprout and Sprout, 1962) they are restrained by a complex of rules they implicitly accept they have finely tuned expectations about the behavior of others they approach issues gingerly lest In other words, the international order is sewn together by diverse and cross-cutting balances of social powers. And relations among members of the world society comprise multiple and overlapping local, regional, and international expectations dependent on the interests, capabilities, 4 and credibilities (wills) of the parties involved. There is no overarching organizational structure which coercively commands behavior. No one plans what the society will be like. Interactions are primarily spontaneous 3 and free market processes largely determine fundamental relations. Of all modern societies, contemporary international relations is closest to a social field. 2 And its dynamics comprise the conflict helix. Seated in this medium, its forces are generated by interests. Its medium consists of international meanings, values, and norms. Its dimensions define world culture, stratification (wealth, power and prestige) and classes. 1 It is a space of states and transnationally related groups and individuals. It is only by describing the world system as it operates that there can be any understanding of it: and then it becomes clear why mentally healthy leaders sometimes appear to respond abnormally in the international system, why seemingly moral people take seemingly immoral decisions, why mild and humble members of the leading elite appear aggressive.Īs an exchange society with a libertarian political system, international relations forms a sociocultural field. In reality the nation-State is not of this order if there must be an analogy then it would be at least as appropriate to use mechanics or electronics as sociology. Abnormal psychology, game-theory, value judgments and moral responses then appear to be immediately relevant to international studies. One of the most common images is that of an international society in which States each have the attributes of persons within a community. INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS: INTERSTATE, INTERSOCIETAL INTERPERSONAL THE INTERNATIONAL ACTORS *
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